Anatomy The capsular ligament of the shoulder surrounds the glenohumeral joint. It attaches from the scapula, just outside the glenoid labrum, and medial to the supraglenoid tubercle to allow for the attachment of the biceps brachii. It attaches onto the anatomical neck of the humerus, except medial where it extends down to the surgical neck

Motion The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a condyloid synovial saddle joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal. It is separate from the other CMCs in the hand. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and opposition (medial rotation with flexion). The joint is allows much more mobility than the other CMC joints.

Motion The carpometacarpal joints of the 2nd to 5th fingers are synovial plane joints. The carpal bones of the wrist articulate with the second to fifth metacarpals. The second metacarpal articulates with the trapezoid primarily and also with the trapezium and capitate. The third metacarpal articulates with the capitate. The fourth metacarpal articulates with the

Anatomy Pair of pea-sized exocrine glands below prostate, behind and to side of membranous part of urethra, in front of anus. Duct, 1″, opens into urethra at base penis. Smaller with age. Physiology Secrete salty, thick/viscous alkaline fluid into urethra – during arousal, before ejaculation – which neutralizes acid of residual urine in urethra, and

Anatomy Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible. Insertion: Angle of the mouth, some fibres forming deep layers of orbicularis oris. Key Relations: -The parotid duct pierces the muscle opposite the maxillary 3rd molar, before opening into the cavity of the mouth opposite the maxillary 2nd molar. -Often grouped with the

Anatomy The basal ganglia is a collection of nuclear masses located within each cerebral hemisphere. The most prominent bodies are the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus. These nuclei are collectively referred to as the corpus striatum. Blood Supply: Supplied by branches of the internal carotid, anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries. Functions The basal

Anatomy Course Commences on the ulnar side of the dorsum of the hand where it then takes a superficial path up the forearm resting on top of the superficial muscles. As it nears the elbow, it usually creates connections with the cephalic vein before finally joining the axillary vein in upper arm. Drain Drains portions

Anatomy Origin: Long head: Tendon from supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula. Insertion: By common tendon into radial tuberosity and also forms bicipital aponeurosis on medial aspect of forearm. Key Relations: -The brachial artery and the median nerve run together on the medial border until the distal one third

Anatomy Origin: Short head: Coracoid process of the scapula. Long head: Tendon from supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Insertion: By common tendon into radial tuberosity and also forms bicipital aponeurosis on medial aspect of forearm. Key Relations: -The brachial artery and the median nerve run together on the medial border until the distal one third

Anatomy Origin: Long head: Superomedial area of ischial tuberosity (with semitendinosus). Short head: Lateral lip of linea aspera and upper lateral supracondylar line of femur and lateral intermuscular septum. Insertion: The two heads insert by a common tendon into the lateral surface of head of fibula. Key Relations: -One of the three muscles of the